Reflection on Chronicles of a Death Foretold

Reflection The cultural and historical context of Marquez life played an important role in his novel Chronicles of a Death Foretold. In the 16th century, Spain colonized many parts of South America and replaced the native religion with Catholicism. While the indigenous cultural practices celebrated openness about sexuality the orthodox Catholic ideals of chastity and purity that penetrated into the local tradition during colonization.The archaic perception of honour was founded on the grounds of the Catholic ideals and it promoted gender inequality and organized crime cultures promoted violence. Marquez offers a critique of the religious system when he describes the arrival of the Bishop who is representative of the power of the Church. In preparation of the Bishop’s arrival the town prepared many cocks which are rather a physical offering to the Church rather than a spiritual offering.The state’s inability to act upon the Vicario’s brother’s action is a M arquez’s critique of the decadence of the Old Christian value system. Father Amador does not condemn the Vicario brothers for their actions but instead he says that they are forgiven on the bases of acting to avenge their sister’s honour. The mayor is also unable to take action and he simply takes away their knives. We also explored the influence of Marquez’s life on his style of writing.The influence of Marquez’s grandmother on his style of â€Å"realism† was also explored. Marquez’s grandmother’s way of telling unlikely stories as if they were facts influenced his style in Chronicles of a Death Foretold. The murder of Santiago Nasar remains a complete mystery until the end of the novel and the episodes that unfold in the story seem extremely unlikely however; the death was accepted by the reader because of factual tone in which it was told. Word Count: 298 Dissociating the allusion elements from their referents

Work Ethics in Cosmetology

When starting a career in cosmetology, it is imperative to develop a strong code of work ethics. Having a strong work ethic shows that a person is self motivated, conducts themselves in a professional manner, and is able to self evaluate. It is necessary to possess these qualities because they will determine how successful one can become in this industry. The first important fundamental of a strong work ethic is self motivation. Self motivation is the ability to satisfy a desire, expectation, or goal with out being influenced to do so by another person. Having this motivation is important in the work place because it allows one to stay focused and perform tasks to the best of their ability. A person who lacks self motivation is someone who is â€Å"lazy† or simply does not care. This could negatively affect the way a salon is run. An unmotivated receptionist for example, may not take down an appointment correctly. This could potentially disrupt a stylists entire schedule for the day, upset the client, and make the entire salon look bad. Another key element to having a strong work ethic is having a positive attitude. Having a positive attitude makes a person enjoyable to be around. This allows for a pleasant work environment and creates a professional atmosphere for clients. It is also important to maintain a positive attitude when learning a new technique or skill. For instance, when learning a new updo, it is very difficult to make it look perfect on the first attempt. Someone with a negative attitude would get frustrated and give up. A progressive thinker would stay positive and try to reevaluate the situation and learn from their mistakes. Lastly, when first starting out in this industry it is important have the ability to self evaluate in order to grow. Self evaluation requires one to assess his or her own work to find strengths and weaknesses. This would help a new stylist learn which areas they need to improve in. For example, if one struggled with foils, they could ask a more experienced co-worker for constructive criticism to find out what they are doing wrong. This will allow the stylist to correct their mistakes and learn from them. Developing a code of work ethics does not happen over night. It takes years of hard work to build on these skills to become a true professional. However, with the right attitude, determination, and the eagerness to learn, one can become extremely successful in the cosmetology industry.

Henry Tam Case

We have to evaluate the performance of a distinctly diverse team aiming to create a business plan for MGI’s â€Å"Music Puzzle† Game to enter the HBS contest. The team comprised of MGI founders, Sasha, Igor and Roman, two HBS students Henry and Dana and subject matter experts Alex and Dav. In addition, we have to recommend actions for Henry Tam, which would foster better team dynamics to accomplish the task at hand. The team, after much deliberation and little success, has just 3 weeks before entering the case at the HBS Business Plan competition. In the team there is, Sasha, a former HBS MBA student with experience in drastically different industries; Igor and Roman, exceptionally gifted Russian musicians; Henry & Dana who are finance professionals in the second year of their HBS MBA; Alex, who is a specialist in computer music applications from Berkley; and Dave, a software developer from MIT. Root Cause Analysis The major strengths of the team were a presence of diverse talents, close affinity between the founders, great product, shared passion and complementary skills. However, there is much conflict and failure to deliver results, due to a variety of factors. These factors include a lack of cohesion as a team, an ambiguity of roles definitions, a lack of clear leadership, and a weak working culture. The team has a common goal to develop the business plan, but the focus is different, with the HBS students focused on the contest deadlines, and the MGI founders striving to create a viable business. The team is unable to come to a consensus on which market to penetrate. Additionally, the team is functioning more as a group; as they are unstructured, have an unevenly distributed workload (Katzenbach & Smith, 2005). There is no collective work product, and there is an individual approach to problem solving, as opposed to shared resolutions. Within the group, there are also factions or subgroups. Adding to the frustration was that they were in a small confined workspace on the HBS campus. And finally, the team was completely lacking in interrelationship trust. Drawing from Tuckman's stages of group development: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning (â€Å"Tuckman’s Stages, n. . ), developed in 1965, we can assess the team building processes. The forming stage was spread over three meetings as all the members were not introduced at the very beginning. During the storming stage, team members’ expectations were not aligned. Dana and Henry perceived the role to be more strategic, as opposed to Sasha’s perception of th em as interns focused on writing the business plan only. The modus operandi suggested by Sasha to contact HBS alumni added to the chaos. Plus the introduction of Dav forced Henry and Dana to speculate on Sasha’s motives. In the norming stage we do not see any cohesion but constant disagreements, all primarily due to not defining the norms at the onset. Issues in the norming stage lead to unclear orientation in the performing stage, not adhering to the timelines. Benchmarking the meetings against Belbin’s Team Roles (Belbin, 2010), we see how the seven team members fluctuate between different roles during the three meetings. In the first meeting, Igor, Sasha, Henry and Dana met with different perceptions and reservations and a complete lack of clear strategy. At this point it is very unclear as to who is in each role: Plant, Resource investigator, Coordinator, Shaper, Monitor Evaluator, Team worker, Implementer, Completer Finisher, or Specialist. Roman and Alex join the second meeting, and amidst a lot of brainstorming and ‘creative’ discussion we can see the team members conforming to Belbin’s Team roles. There is a notable understanding between Henry and Dana to try and handle Sasha’s aggression and confrontational style. The third meeting witnesses the entry of Dan the specialist, which adds fuel to the fire and worsens the stance between Sasha and Dana. We can now see that the team members conform slightly more to the Belbin’s model. The team lacked a compelling direction and clear leadership as well (Coutu & Hackman, 2009). Leadership was shared based on who felt like taking on the role at the time. Without formal leadership, there was a breakdown in communication and an absence of the setting of deadlines or the implementation of an overall plan or vision. In fact, an overall direction did not exist, as the MGI founders had different motivating factors than the students, and different perspectives regarding the abilities and roles of each other. Tasks were not broken down into specific subtasks, or assigned to individual team members. Also, without leadership, there is no establishment or communication of the norms and values of the team, and no role modeling or coaching. The culture of team is weak, as there are no established norms and values or ground rules. As such, there was a discrepancy in the development of the team during the norming stage, as discussed previously. The team also engaged in a cultural clash in terms of industry areas, country/ethnic differences, and subcultures. The MGI founders related to a creative and artistic industry, while the students were business focused. The cultural differences manifested themselves in terms of language and expectations. And finally, within the subgroups were individual subcultures, which lead to a difference in values, roles, purposes, and goals especially when disagreements between these subcultures occurred (Hofstede, 1998). Multicultural teams can be more difficult to manage, and can lead to conflicts in communication styles, decision-making approaches, and attitudes towards hierarchy (Brett, Behfar & Kristin, 2006). As the overall working culture is weak, these clashes can be tumultuous as there is not guiding set of norms and values to reference. Alternatives Henry could try the mediation path first, by mitigating difference between Sasha and Dana using preventive strategies to manage conflict. This strategy will involve everyone to provide input and address issues jointly. The feasibility, however, is in question due to lack of time, the uncertainty of the effectiveness of the mediator and identification of common ground. Secondly, Henry could identify a leader from within the team. It could be Alex, as his background in business and music is a good match. Similarly, Henry could step up as he has a neutral stance and no open conflicts with any member of the team. A clear advantage is that there would be no time wasted in learning about the team members, the task at hand and the issues. Henry might be a better option as leader though based on his Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Putting ourselves in the shoes of Henry Tam, and taking the test, we concluded that he has a type of ISTJ (â€Å"MBTI Questionnaire†, n. ), which indicates that he has a clear moral code, operates at high efficiency, is dependable, and able to enforce standards. However, as both Alex and Henry have a history with the team, they might not be able to clearly assert their leadership capability in the short timespan available. As such, a third party leader could be found and appointed to address issues and provide expertise, based on knowledge of the market. This would introduce a neutral person and satisfy the desire of some team members who seek external intervention. The flip side is that there would not be enough time to bring someone on board, there may not be availability in the budget to accommodate the associated costs, and the fit of the new entrant to the team might not be fluid. A third option could be to drop out of the contest, but continue working on the business plan. This will ease the pressure of the deadline and help to alleviate some of the stress and tension. Henry and Dana should continue on the project as they are intrinsically motivated and deeply involved in the project. This clearly gives a breathing space and might promote common focus. The downside is that the motivation levels might drop along with the reputation and the team will miss out on the chance to get the business plan evaluated by some of the best experts in the field. Recommendation The most viable solution for the team is for Henry to fulfill the role of formal leader, as he is intrinsically motivated and heavily involved in the project. He, of all the team members, has engaged in the least conflict, is overall neutral, and thus is in the best position to assert influence and guidelines upon the team. Henry could provide some role definition, according to Belbin’s model, for specific members of the team and help team members in aiding in the cultural differences by adapting to them and working around them (Brett, Behfar & Kristin, 2006). This is a better option than obtaining a third-party leader, as the resource costs, time and budget specifically, would be lower. Additionally, in order to build credibility as a leader, Henry should investigate the costs of obtaining a consultant with specialized knowledge of the market. This will serve to satisfy team members who are requesting outside perspective and additional insight.

Rio Tinto Plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rio Tinto Plc - Essay Example Japan will be importing huge amounts of aluminum, iron, and copper for its reconstruction projects. Three commodities which I liked from its product portfolio are gold, silver, and diamonds. The current price of gold in the international markets is $1452 per ounce (Goldprice, 2011). Diamonds have always been one of the most valuable stones in the world. Diamond jewelry can last a lifetime. There were other factors that attracted me towards selecting Rio Tinto as part of my portfolio. The firm had excellent revenues of $60,323 and net income of $14,324 in 2010. The net margin of the company is 23.74%. The company has a global workforce of 102,000 employees. The firm minimizes its risk by having a global operation located in Australia, North America, Asia, Europe and Southern Africa. The business risks of the company are also minimized by having a variety of products and working all sides of the mining industry supply chain. Two strengths of the company are its wide product range and strong market position. Two opportunities for the firm are the surging demand for gold and new investment and innovations. Throughout its history Rio Tinto has been known for its innovation in the mining industry. Rio Tinto is a solid investment that should pay off dividends both in t he short term and long term. HSBC Holdings Plc HSBC Holdings Plc is a banking and financial sector provider. The bank has an impressive customer portfolio of over 100 million customers worldwide. The company differentiates itself by providing a diverse range of banking and financial services. The firm has its corporate headquarters in London, United Kingdom. I liked the fact that the client base of the company included personal, commercial, corporate, and institutionalize investors. The firm has a network of 8000 offices across 88 countries. The banking industry has gone through a lot of changes since the global recession. The banks are now more risk averse which is a strategy that minimizes the risk of default on loans. Despite the losses that the industry incurred between 2007 and 2009 the banking industry had a solid recovery in 2010 (Plunkett Research, 2011). HSBC was one of the banks that were protected by the U.K. government during the recession. The fact that the government owns 41% of HSBC is an indicato r that the government will invest in HSBC to ensure its success. The global penetration of the company of having a physical presence in over 40% of the world’s countries is a good indicator of the success of the firm. Normally banks are more conservative in their selection of global expansion. The revenues of the company in 2010 were $62,096 million with net income of $5,834 million. The net margin off HSBC is 9.39%. The company has a global workforce of 289,435 employees. The market capitalization of the enterprise is $201,000 million. Two strengths of the bank are its strong capital base and brand perception. The company could take advantage of strategic acquisitions and growth by expansion in emerging markets. The firm could achieve significant growth by penetrating new locations. The favorable forecast for the industry was a factor that made me invest in HSBC. BT Group Plc BT Group Plc is a UK based communication company. The firm is considered one of the world’s l eading communication companies. BT has been able to penetrate the communications marketplace at over 170 countries around the world. The services offered by the company includ

Complex Nursing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Complex Nursing - Case Study Example ARDS is the primary diagnosis bringing with it many long term and short term problems that will are assessed throughout the paper. Nursing assessment begins with heart and lung status including the review of best in practice studies recently done to support decisions made, as well as determinations of care. This status includes the discussion of "copious green sputum" which has developed in this client and the most recent evidence based practice from research. Colon resection is discussed in its own right but also as part of the possible cause of ARDS. There are assessment skills discussed related to this surgery and the possible outcomes including ARDS. Nursing skills related to this assessment are discussed. There are also discussions related to the neurological and sedated state of the client and what is included in that assessment as well as nursing plan for care. This client has skin integrity issues both related to the ARDS and to the fact that the patient is sedated and on a ventilator. There are very specific assessments discussed here as well as research of evidence based practice that is included to support this assessment and plan. Medications and the assessment as well as practice needed as an integrated part of care is included in this discussion and last but not least, the psychosocial impact for this client is enormous. This client has a young family and a business that he must run. Mortality rates for ARDS related to colon resection are quite heavy. This is discussed as part of the nursing assessment in the sense of both short and long term impact. ICU Case Review In all cases the ICU nurse must begin the shift with a complete assessment of what the status of the client is. The history of the last twenty four hours is presented in the transfer report from one nurse to the other. A full physical assessment is then done on the client from head to toe. In this case the assessment begins with the chest and lungs assuring appropriate ventilation and cardiac status for this patient. This assessment continues by assessing output affected by both cardiac and pulmonary status as well as abdomen with the consideration that this client is a recent surgical client with a colon resection. Medications that the patient is receiving are assessed as well as the resultant sedation from at least one of those. Skin integrity is an important issue for this patient based on his ARDS diagnosis as well as ventilatory and sedation status. There are then ethical and psychosocial considerations for this client. All of these assessments will be discussed in this paper i n combination with studies and evidence based practice research found to support them. The resultant nursing plan for the day will then be presented. At 0700 this client is ventilated at SIMV 8, Tidal Volume 1000, and pressure support 10 cm.H2O. A 500ml bolus of Normal Saline has just been administered. Last vital signs recorded

Vodafone international strategic development Essay

Vodafone international strategic development - Essay Example The initial acquisition move of the company was a merger with AirTouch Communications Inc. of the United States in a $61 million deal. The company briefly renamed itself as Vodafone AirTouch in a gradual move towards aligning AirTouch to its global strategy (Johannes and Ashok, 2009, P.263). The company’s North American branch was integrated into a new entity branded Verizon Wireless together with Bell Atlantic’s mobile business with the company retaining 45% stake in the new venture. Verizon wireless was the largest mobile phone operator in the North American market with 36 million customers and 24% market share in 2003. The targeting of large firms is in line with literature that suggests that large scale acquisitions provide potential scale economies and are expected to outperform small scale acquisitions (Risberg, 1999, P.76). The targeting of large firms is also observed in the acquisition of Mannesmann in a deal that helped it own D2 mobile phone business, which w as the private market leader in Germany. This deal made Vodafone one of the 10 largest companies in the world helping it achieve scale and scope economies (Johannes and Ashok, 2009, P.264). ... was a good strategy as mobile companies shared some similarities with Vodafone in capabilities and were likely to exhibit some level of homogeneity with its structure. Such acquisitions also helped Vodafone secure a platform for acquiring the existing business position (Risberg, 1999, P.82). Unlike its competitors, the company used shares for its acquisitions. This strategy helped the company emerge from the telecom crisis relatively early so that it could concentrate on growth while virtually all of its competitors were preoccupied with debt reduction (Johannes and Ashok, 2009, P.264). The company had acquired other businesses along with the mobile phone business as was the case of Japan Telecom and Mannesmann where it owned fixed line operations. Vodafone had an explicit desire to concentrate on its core business of mobile telecommunications, and this made it look for ways to dispose of the other non-core businesses. Vodafone insisted that it was mobile focused and intended to stic k to that strategy in all of its acquisitions and subsidiaries. The emphasis on only retaining those operations in the acquired firm that were core to its expansion strategy is in line with literature that suggests that strategic fit is important in creating shareholder value (Risberg, 1999, P.81). Vodafone’s strategy was to increase revenue growth and margin improvement by providing enhanced services to its customer base. This principle had three tenets. The company would increase voice and data revenues through increased marketing focus on its established high-quality customer base. It intended to extend its operational leadership of the mobile industry through maximizing the benefits of scale and scope by using partner network agreements, increasing equity investments in firms where

Intercultural comm of Japanese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Intercultural comm of Japanese - Essay Example However, despite the oddity in his questions, I understood most of them because we belonged to the same class. The aura around the interview room was casual since he is my longtime friend, the interview was therefore not formal and we could not make any more organized than it already was. Additionally, the friendship made it possible for me to ask any type of question without appearing patronizing. Kanemoto is friendly and highly likable, this explains our long friendship and my freedom to ask him any type of question. He is also funny and tries to make everyone around him feel comfortable and relaxed. Throughout the interview, he kept distracting me without some of his hilarious outburst. On more occasions, he could sing in his native Japanese language, which sounded funny enough. He translated the wording of his songs and I could not help laughing since they sounded funny but meant much to him. Besides the interview with my friend, I have also taken part in a number of other Japane se’s cultural activities such as the dance with my other Japanese friend Soran Bushi. Despite the fact that they had practiced for more than a month, I played a role in the dance thereby earning myself relative exposure on the culture. From the interactions with the Japanese, I learned a lot about their culture that differs with other cultures as elaborated in the discussion below. Introduction Culture refers to the way of life of a particular society or group of people. Culture therefore encompasses such pertinent issues as the way, in which people eat, dress and worship among other important social practices. For a long-time, global regions were secluded which therefore resulted in the development of definitive cultural practices. It was therefore easy to distinguish a group from their cultural practices, which would differ greatly with those of others. However, through such concepts as urbanization and globalization, the world successfully became a global village one in wh ich people easily interact with others. This resulted in faster communication and exchange of ideas through the modern telecommunication technologies such as the internet and mobile phones (Bradley, 2003). Currently the intense interaction among people has eliminated a number of cultural practices making people behave similarly. However, it is possible to differentiate people in terms of their cultural practices as each community even in the modern society still treasures a number of their indigenous cultural practices. One such community is the Japanese. Through an interview with a Japanese living in the United States of America, it became evident that the Japanese just as any other foreigner in the country exhibits unique cultural behaviors some as primary as the difference in their languages to other more essential personality differences arising from their unique culture. Such validate the claim that culture is an important aspect of life since through culture people determine t heir spiritual belief a key component of humanity from where people learn social values. Additionally, culture determines the food for a society (Berns, 2013). Different societies eat different types of food, which they handle differently in accordance to the dictates of their cultures. Japanese differ greatly with American, even those living in the country exhibit different behavior patterns from the Native Americans and other people from other parts of

Introduction to Accounting and finance -- Economics, Finance and Assignment - 6

Introduction to Accounting and finance -- Economics, Finance and Management - Assignment Example reality this may not be the case, the company may face sudden changes in any of these estimates and if any major change occurs, it would definitely affect the estimate and the cash flow forecast presented above. Although the company’s cash position improves gradually during the 6 month period according to the cash flow forecast there may be certain areas that may need to be considered. (BusinessLink, 2010) Managers need to be aware of the huge interest that the company has to pay for the overdrafts and the loans taken out by the company, managers should choose between the best possible sources of loan i.e. either the overdraft or the long term loan to manage the company more effectively. (Wilkinghoff, 2009) There is a major difference between the cash earned by a company and its profit. The profits that a company makes are usually based upon accounting techniques and standards and these do not always show the correct picture of a company. Profit is derived by deducting the revenue earned from the cost incurred in gaining those revenue plus other immaterial things such as depreciation, provisions, amortization, goodwill, etc. these figures are fictitious and are not in cash terms i.e. no cash is either received or paid when such things occur. Cash on the other hand gives a better picture of a company which can clearly make the managers ascertain the liquidity position of a company and the company’s actual earnings with respect to its actual spending. The cash figure clearly tells the managers as to how much liquid cash is available that can be used to invest in the business or can be paid off to its shareholders. (Liquidity, 2010) The balance sheet of Hide and Seek Ltd clearly shows the depreciation figure used up in calculating the net worth of the noncurrent assets of the organization. The balance sheet clearly shows that the company has a good working capital of around  £3100 but this is not shown in the cash flow forecast for the month of June, which

3 short essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

3 short essays - Essay Example These parts are the exposition (A), the development (B), and the recapitulation (A’). The exposition is the main movement of sonata, which consists of such elements as a first theme, bridge (transition) with modulation, the second theme, and the closing theme (the cadence theme). The development contrasts with the exposition in tonic key, which is unstable because of modulations; also, in this movement, various themes developed, which then through the retransition return to the first key in the last movement, the recapitulation. This movement repeats the themes of the exposition in the first key and may end with the coda (concluding section). The Classical minuet and trio form is more complex than a Baroque minuet form due to its structure. Classical period composers extended the internal form of minuets and created pieces in accordance with the following scheme: minuet A (aba with repetitions) – trio B (cdc with repetitions) – minuet A (aba) or A (aba’) – B (cdc’) – A (aba’). The rondo (rondeau) form is commonly used for closing movements. It consists of a main theme (A) and spacers (B, C etc.) between the appearances of A. The main rondo schemes are as follows: ABACA coda; ABACABA; ABACADA and others. 2. Music period that appeals to me as a listener is the Late Baroque period. Primarily, it is so because of its complexity, which encourages to think and follow, intellectuality, accuracy (due to the tempered scales), regularity in rhythm and musical form, intensity of emotions, and ornamentation. Among the most significant genres of this period are concerto and concerto grosso, the fugue, dance suites, opera, oratorios, church cantatas etc. 3. With the aim to be able to deal with atonality and dissonance in music, Arnold Schoenberg presented his method of composing, known as the twelve-tone system, which he defined as â€Å"a method of composing with twelve tones solely in relation to one another†, meaning with

Billing system Essay Example for Free

Billing system Essay The Information Flow Model (IFM) is used to understand the sources and destination of information flow, which is required to execute the business process as shown in Figure 3.5. In IFM, information or data generators and processors are brought together to explain the flow. This could be documents, e-mail, or voicemail. The contents of the flow could be text, images, or diagrams. The purpose of the flow is to take the process further to its logical conclusion. For example, a customer order is to be processed for delivery or to be rejected, and necessary data or information input has to be provided progressively in the process. IFM is generally a high-level model showing main flows, internal flows of information from sources, such as product catalogs, and manufacturing schedules. Customer profiles and accounting information are not shown. These are presumed to be present. In an information flow model, each processing stage is described as one of the following stage classes: 1. Data Supply Ââ€" where data suppliers forward information into the system. 2. Data Acquisition Ââ€" the stage that accepts data from external suppliers and injects it into the system. 3. Data Creation Ââ€" internal to the system, data may be generated and then forwarded to another processing stage. 4. Data Processing Ââ€" any stage that accepts input and generates output (as well as generating side effects). 5. Data Packaging Ââ€" any point at which information is collated, aggregated and summarized for reporting purposes. 6. Decision Making Ââ€" the point where human interaction is required. 7. Decision Implementation Ââ€" the stage where the decision made at a decision-making stage is executed, which may affect other processing stages or a data delivery stage. 8. Data Delivery Ââ€" the point where packaged information is delivered to a known data consumer. 9. Data Consumption Ââ€" as the data consumer is the ultimate user of processed information, the consumption stage is the exit stage of the system. Data moves between stages through directed information channels Ââ€" pipelines indicating the flow of information from one processing stage to another and the direction in which data flows. An information flow model is represented by the combination of the processing stages connected by directed information channels. Once the flow model has been constructed, names are assigned to each of the stages and channels. An information flow model can be used to identify the source of a data quality problem. The effects of a data quality problem might manifest themselves at different stages within an information flow, perhaps at different data consumption stages. However, what may appear to be multiple problems may all be related to a single point of failure that takes place earlier in the processing. By identifying a set of data-quality expectations and creating validation rules that can be imposed at the entry and exit of each processing stage, we can trace through the information flow model to the stage at which the data quality problem occurred. Fixing the problem at the source will have a beneficial effect across the board, as all subsequent manifestations should be eliminated!

The Mixed Economy of Egypt

The Mixed Economy of Egypt Egypt Egypt, like many other states, has a mixed economy (El-Askhar, p. 101).[1] A mixed economy is an economic system that upholds both public and private sectors in the selected state (Ignacy, p.16).[2] The concept in which the economic system in Egypt is mixed can be subdivided into two parts. The first one which is a common phenomenon is the participation of both government and private capital in the countries business. The second, who is not applied in most worldwide economies, is the application of both Islamic and non-Islamic sculpts into the business province (El-Askhar, p. 101).1 There are cultural aspects that shape the economic system in a unique mix. The socialistic, capitalistic and the Muslim fundamentalism elements all shape the Egyptian society. The socialism that was prevalent in the 1950s has faded away considerably; Sadats â€Å"open door† policies have opened up the doors to true capitalism and drifted slowly away from Nassers socialism (El-Askhar, p. 102).1 The policy increased the private sectors as opposed to the government sectors considerably, and has brought with it foreign enterprises. The financial sect of the state was no longer exclusive to the government, but has included privately owned Egyptian and non-Egyptian banks. The number of banks has increased from a mere seven to ninety-nine banks from between the 1960s to 1984. The state controlled sectors still existed, but the increase of private sectors merely happened from the broadening and widening of their base. They have been accountable for other varied sectors in the economy as shown in this (El-Askhar, p. 103).1 Nasser introduced an agrarian reform that was widely controversial. Egypt in the 1960s was an oligarchic country where landless or people with little land had financial insecurity. The reform redistributed 12% of the countries land. The purpose was to give those people land for the first time in the countrys history. But the wealthy people with large amounts of property were seriously severed. Estates bigger than 190 acres disappeared and individuals were limited to owning a cap of 100 acres of land property. The reform was also aiming to drain the surplus from agriculture land into urban growth and industrialization (Bush, p.1601)[3]. Egypts GDP distribution of land.bmp almost doubled between 1963 and 1970, schools were built at an average of one school per day and the number of people receiving free education rose from 1.3 to 3.4 million. Since the agricultural sector was very poor, this market liberalization strategized a US farm-type model with an agricultural driven capital and export-led growth (Bush p.1064)3. According to the World Bank, â€Å"the agricultural sector is now a fully private sector, operating in a market and export-oriented economy† (World Bank).[4] Egypt has the second largest economy in the Middle East. It has amassed large sectors in the clockworks of its economy, the largest of which is the service sector. The service sector is the fastest growing sector and is responsible for nearly 51 percent of the countrys total GDP. The main constituents of the service sector are banking, trade, tourism and the Suez Canal shipping service. Industry follows as Egypts second largest sector by accounting 32 percent of the total GDP, the rapid growth of this sector has happened thanks to the governments efforts in privatization. Although the public sector accounts for 86 percent of the countrys industry, it has only made 15.4 billion/L.E as opposed to the private sectors 99.7 billion/L.E. The agricultural sector accounts for 14.8 percent of the total GDP and has steadily decreased since the industrial boom in the 1990s (Egypt in the†¦, p.65).[5] As far as the overall GDP growth stands, the private sectors have contributed to more than two-thirds of the total GDP income as opposed to the public ones (Economic Review, p.2).[6] There are about 24.6 million laborers in Egypt; however there is an unemployment rate of about 8.7 percent as of 2009. Of these 24.6 million, 51 percent of them work in the services sector, 17 percent work in the industrial sector and 32 percent work in the agricultural sector. Employment grew at a rate of an average 1.744 percent in the last two decades; sectors mostly responsible for this growth are the industrial, constructional and servicer parts of the economy (Ikram, p.236).[7] Official statistics said that the number of the unemployed in Egypt rose from 112.535 in 1950 to 5 millions in early 2004, meaning that the number of the unemployed increased at a rate of 4000% in the last 54 years, in case of these statistics is authentic. If the successive governments were serious in confronting unemployment, the unemployed rate would not have risen from 1.2% in 1950 to reach 3.4% in 1970, 7.10% in 1986, 11.1% in 1990 and 13% in 2004. The current unemployment rate in Egypt meant that i t exceeded limits, as economic studies agreed that the safe rate of the unemployment in any society should range at 4.3%only (Ikram p.237).7 Egypt produces a wide variety of agricultural products; the animal resources it produces are mainly goats, sheep and cattle, while the planetary resources consist of a wide range of vegetables and fruits, as well as beans, wheat, corn, rice and most importantly cotton. The industrial commodities are a wide range of metals, cement, construction services, hydrocarbons, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and textiles (Ikram, p.96).[8] Egypt has the largest market in the Middle East and the Arab world with a population of 83,000,000. It has a lot of growth potential and financial stability with a stable banking sector and a currency that stood quite well during the financial crisis. The real GDP growth rate has been almost always on the rise since the 1970s, and according to the Economist Intelligence Unit, the GDP growth of Egypt has dropped slightly but still a huge improvement over the rest of the Middle East, or the rest of the world which since the crisis have taken the turn for the worse.[9] Poverty has always been the main problem for developing countries. Poverty is globally measured with a number of things, mainly the consumption of edible and non-edible material, the value of the housing asset, income, expenditure on fuel, schools, clothing and other miscellaneous objects. From these statistics a poverty line is drawn under the WHO standards and is given to every country to measure the population under this poverty line. In 1997, there were 15.7 million Egyptians living in poverty, or 26.5 percent. It has slightly dropped in 2005 to be approximately 20 percent of the total population which is still absurdly high (Datt, p.208).[10] Lets take the 1990s poverty trend as an example. The urban versus the rural poverty trends are quite interesting, although the number of poor people has definitely increased, the Rural parts of Egypt have decreased as opposed to the major increase in the Urban areas. This could be explained by the following method, the higher unemployment rate in the urban as opposed to the rural which started from the decrease of the agricultural sector and the rise of the industrial one in the rural and urban parts respectively (p.62).[11] Concerning poverty, The World Bank report in 2001 indicated that 52% of the Egyptians were living with less than two dollars daily (p.63).11 Egypts legal system is found on two different grounds, civil and Islamic law concepts with some Western and European influences of law. The system is a bit complex and sometimes bureaucratic and thus ineffective. While the current administration is aware of the importance of foreign and non-foreign investments, this will be an issue if a lesser business friendly government comes to power. The court consists of three levels, a summary and a primary appeal, and the cassation court, besides those are another system of courts that deal with special cases such as the administrative court and the Supreme Constitutional court. The delays somewhat of the commercial cases take a long while to conclude, taking nearly five years. The unresponsive commercial court is a disadvantage to the foreign investors and the whole private sector. The legal system provides moderate protection for property, although buying real estate can be lengthy, confusing and highly complex. Hernando de Soto calculated that in the year 2000, the process in which one wishes to register a piece of desert land takes between 6 to 14 years to complete. However, the government has taken procedures to encourage private investment. By reducing the costs of property registration from 12 percent of the value of the bought property to 3 percent, and introducing a flat fee of only 1,000 LE per contract, it is focusing on a private reform process. There is no restriction to foreigners owning a non-agricultural real estate. Foreigners have the right to establish private investments in the country and engage in the economy (p.39)[12] Corruption in the low-level is widespread in Egypt. Egypt has scored an unimpressive 2.8 out of 10 in the Transparency Internationals 2008 Corruption Perceptions Index setting it number 115 in the corruption/country ranking. Although there are no reports of this corruption affecting foreign investors, it has significantly affected local private sectors. During Mubaraks ruling, the development rate dropped 2% currently against 4.6% two years ago. Depression dominated the Egyptian markets while citizens purchase ability decreased. The interest rate problem led to the retreat of the Egyptian pound against the dollar. Competition increased between local products and those imported ones in addition to the few foreign investments in the country. The UNCTAD report on the international investment reported that the foreign investment decreased in Egypt from $600 million to only $200 millions. Egypt was one of the most developing countries that were able to attract investment in the 1980s.[13 ] According to the BMI, â€Å"Egypt faces substantial challenges over the coming decade, but as long as the prevailing economic policies remain broadly in place, the future looks bright† (p.24)[14]. Since the government of Ahmed Nazif, the outlook of the Egyptian economy is improving from its former state. The administration of Nazif has lowered taxes, made foreign investments easier and improved the business environment overall. Egypt will get boosted by the energy sector in particular, although the oil exportation wont last long, Natural gas production is the main aim to be the countrys leading energy export. Analysts suggest that production will rise from 55bcm to 106bcm in 2019. The government is currently targeting 1,295bn worth of investment of which only 15% will be state-controlled investments while the rest is up to the private and foreign investors. And according to the privatization reforms, it doesnt seem to be a hard target to hit (p.25).14 Not only that, but the GDP per capita, which is a very good sign of the countrys economy, is approximated to double becoming 5,538 USD by 2018. The Egyptian government continues to look broadly pro-business, although this is yet to reduce poverty levels, and the un-amusing perceptions of corruption, it will continue to make some of its policies unpopular. However, if Gamal Mubarak and the technocrat government he reportedly supports remain in place, then the private sector and banking system should continue to flourish (p.2).[15] [1] El Ashkar, Ahmed. The Islamic business enterprise. Taylor Francis, 1987. [2] Ignacy Sachs, â€Å"International journal of political economy† vol. 38, no. no. 3 (Fall 2009): 5-21. [3] Bush, Ray. Politics, Power and Poverty: twenty years of agricultural reform and market liberalization in Egypt. Third World Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 8, 2007, pp 1599 1615. [4] World Bank, Arab Republic of Egypt Toward Agricultural Competitiveness in the 21st Century. [5] Egypt in the global economy: strategic choices for savings, investments, and long-term growth. The World Bank, 1998. [6] Economic Review. Vol. 49. 3. Central Bank of Egypt, 2008. [7] Ikram, Khalid. The Egyptian Economy, 1952-2000: Performance, Policies, and Issues. Vol. 1. Illustrated. Routledge. [8] Ikram, Khalid. The Egyptian Economy: Performance, Policies, and Issues. Vol. 1. Illustrated. Routledge. [9] Montly report April 2009. The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. www.eiu.com. [10] Datt, Gaurav. A profile of povery in Egypt. African Development Bank 2001, Blackwell Publishers. [11] Egypts Social and Structural Review, Document of the World Bank June 2001. [12] Chapter 5: Business Environment, Business Monitor International Ltd Egypt Q3 2009. [13] Kligaard, R. 1998. International cooperation against corruption Finance and Development [14] Chapter 3: Business Forecast, Business Monitor International Ltd Egypt Q3 2009. [15] Financial Reforms Continue to boost growth. Middle east monitor October 2009.

A Spiderman Movie Review

A Spiderman Movie Review This is an extravagant story of peter parker a character which displays no social skills. A Highschooler.who displayed nerd like qualities. Peter has a knack for adversity, he hasnt got much of a social life. While at a science exhibition, a accident occurs, a stray, altered Spider is unleashed into the lab unnoticed. The same Spider curiously finds its way onto him. Without the slightest clue, the venomous, malicious fangs pierced through his skin. Giving him superhuman abilities and power to any ordinary persons dreams. Its not every day you seemed to get bitten by a genetically-altered spider, gain superhuman strengths and gain the special 5th scent. Throughout this extraordinary experience he will find a thin line between and ordinary HighSchooler and an amazing superhero. He throughout the film has to be the one who crosses the line as he battles the likes of; green goblin. And attempts to win over his Childhood sweetheart, Mary Jane Watson. Peter Parker ( Tobey Maguire), A geeky high school student, living with this Aunt Mary ( Rosemary Harris) and his Uncle Ben ( Cliff Robertson) after the sudden death of his parents from when he was young. His Best friend Harry Osborne (James Franco) the father of Norman Osborne (William Dafoe) a Machiavellian technology tycoon. He went through high school. And certain of a career through science he interestingly had a passion for photography. He developed his hobbies and worked at the local newspapers with J.Johan Jameson (J.K Simmons) offering him a Job within his cooperation. From making this film into reality there comes big expectations and promising possibilities. Where they film scene was going to either make or break the film. What Sami Raimi has cleverly done it not completely remove the comic feel towards the film. They started filming on January 8, 2001, New York. The Big Apple. The wonders of New York just create an unexplainable feeling which embraces over the film creating a humoristic view, a view of a typical comic cal-like city. Big sky scrapers, typical American buses. Fascinating attractions of which makes the viewers prospective of the film even more convincing. They were able to film scene at the most well know areas. The New York public library, Queensboro Bridge, Rockefeller Centre. Its just that little details which enables the viewer to create a imagination for themselves. The majority of the film is inspired by the special effects, visual and audio effects. To achieve such a high standard Sony hired John Dykstra, They would of found it physically impossible to create the stunts without the expertise of His. They tried not to completely rely on computer generated ideas. Throughout the film they use different camera views, different speeds, Within many Sami Raimi film he trends not to rely on computer animation technology so much, to keep the film as realistic as possible with also the comical view towards it they intended the keep the computer animation to a all time low. I regard this film very highly, its a very well written script from Sami Raimi, I rate this film at 8/10. Throughout the film there a consistently high standard of filming, its a extremely entertaining movie with action and humour, but this doesnt compare to similar films to gladiators, It was overall a absolute joy to view.

The Clanton Gang Essay example -- essays research papers

In the middle and late part of the nineteenth century, the West was a harsh and dangerous place to live. Bar fights and murders were being committed in every town. This was acceptable behavior however in those days. Men settled their problems face-to-face, and normally, the slower man ended up dead. Gunfighting in the West was started and carried on by a group of men known as the Clanton Gang. Old Man Clanton was the leader and founder of gunfighting, his sons carried some of his fights and continued with their own fights, and his last surviving son parted with gunfighting and started his own successful business. Gunfights were common and took place regularly. The earliest gunfighters, or gunslingers, were born in the early 1800’s, and most men got recognition as slingers in the 1850’s. The founder of gunfighting was â€Å"Old Man Clanton†, or N. H. Clanton. In 1816, Newman Haynes "Old Man" Clanton was born in Davidson County, Tennessee. On January 5, 1840 Newman Clanton married Mariah Sexton Kelso in Callaway County, Missouri and together they had five boys and two daughters. John Wesley, Joseph Isaac, Phineas Fay, William Harrison, Alonzo Peter, Mary Elise and Ester Ann made up the Clanton Gang. He did not participate in many gunfights though he instigated many of them. Old Man Clanton took care of business swiftly. If he did not like somebody, he would simply point them out, and one of his sons would provoke an argument and shoot the man down in â€Å"self defense†. Old Man Clanton had formed a â€Å"cowboy party† which consisted of some of the deadliest men in the West. Curley Bill, John Ringo, Tim and Frank McLaury, Joe Hill, Pony Deal, Jim Hughes, Frank Stillwell and many other lieutenants, who had over four hundred frontier outcast under them, formed this group. He stole over $100,000 from ranchers in the south, and anyone who opposed was quickly exterminated. Old Man Clanton’s final days ended with a stolen-cattle drive. While he was passing through Guadeloupe Canyon, he and six other men were ambushed and shot dead out of their saddles. "Old Man" Clanton was buried where he fell in Guadalupe Canyon, New Mexico. Although the leader of the Clanton Gang was dead, the family carried on. Billy and Ike Clanton were two of the participants in the most famous gunfight of all. The ... ...oseph G. and Collins, Richard. The Taming of the West: Age of the Gunfighter: Men and Weapons of the Frontier 1840-1900. London, England: Salamander Books Ltd, 1993. 2. William C. Davis, Joseph G. Rosa. The West: From Lewis and Clark and Wounded Knee: The Turbulent Story of the Settling of Frontier America. London, England: Salamander Books Ltd, 1994. 3. â€Å"Phin Clanton Family History†. (The Notorious Clanton Gang). 1996-1997. February 20, 2002. <http://clantongang.com/oldwest/gangphin.html> 4. â€Å"Billy Clanton Family History†. (The Notorious Clanton Gang). 1996-1997. February 20, 2002. <http://clantongang.com/oldwest/gangbill.html> 5. â€Å"Ike Clanton Family History†. (The Notorious Clanton Gang). 1996-1997. February 20, 2002. <http://clantongang.com/oldwest/gangike.html> 6. â€Å"O.K. Corral Gun Fight†. (American Western History Museums). 1999. February 20, 2002. <http://www.linecamp.com/museums/americanwest/western_places/ok_corral_gun_fight/ok_corral_gun_fight.html>

Americans Love Capital Punishment :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Americans Love Capital Punishment      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is one question that has always brought about controversy. Should capital punishment be used as a way of disciplining criminals?   Over the past twenty years, there has been an enormous increase in violent crimes. It seems logical that a person is less likely to commit a given act if by doing so he will suffer swift and certain punishment of a horrible kind.   As most Americans agree, death is the only appropriate punishment for such crimes.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In ancient times' executions were not uncommon.   Even the Bible teaches capital punishment.   It states, â€Å"Who so sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man† (Bible). In ancient times a set of laws were written which specified many crimes punishable by capital punishment.   These laws were the Code of Hammurabi.   Some of the punishable crimes mentioned included adultery, robbery witchcraft, and murder. During the Middle Ages, the Church assumed the responsibility of administering punishments. During the late 1700's the death penalty steadily grew in acceptance.   Over 200 crimes were punishable by death at the beginning of the 1800's.   There were just as many methods used to execute wrong-doers as there were crimes.   Some of the techniques used included beheading, stoning, drowning, hanging, crucifying, and burying people alive. Also used were many nontraditional forms of execution.   One type of execution utilized elephants to crush the criminal's head on a stone block.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As times changed, so did the death penalty.   Laws aimed at abolishing the death penalty began to evolve at the turn of the century.   Even with the changes made, the effectiveness of capital punishment stayed right on track. The crimes punishable by death became more specific, while some were eradicated completely.   For example, there are different types of capital murder that have been specifically defined, but vary from one jurisdiction to another.   These include murder carried out during the commission of another felony, murder of a peace officer, corrections employee, or firefighter engaged in the performance of official duties, murder by an inmate serving a life sentence, and murder for hire (Contract Murder).   Other crimes worthy of death include espionage by a member of the Armed Forces (communication of information to a foreign government), tampering where death results by a witness, and death resulting from aircraft hijacking.   While hangings and firing squads remained in use, many forms of execution were done away with. Methods such as electrocution, lethal gas, and lethal injection soon replaced the annulled ones.   As with almost everything, there were exceptions made.   Some states the prohibited the

Classic Drucker Book Report

Classic Drucker Book Report Recently, I had the pleasure of reading â€Å"Classic Drucker†. The book contains 15 articles from Peter Drucker that were printed in the â€Å"Harvard Business Review†. I chose a few takeaways with an explanation on why I chose them and how they can apply to your career. 1. â€Å"Whenever you make a key decision, write it down. † Next to it, write down what you expect the end result will be. † As you compile these decisions, review each on after an extended period of time.You will be surprised of your results and over time you may get increasingly accurate on your expected results. 2. â€Å"Mathematicians are born, but everyone can learn trigonometry. † Some people are just naturally more intelligent than others but at the same time, we can learn some of the components of what they know, and know those components just as much as they can. 3. â€Å"Manners enable two people to work together whether they like each other or not. † The words â€Å"please† and â€Å"thanks† go a long way in the business world. I even go as far as saying thanks when someone gives me a new assignment.At times they seem surprised but to be genuinely appreciative will show commitment to the team. 4. â€Å"Too many people work in ways that are not their ways, and that almost guarantees nonperformance†. Your peers may have work habits that are not the same as yours but that doesn't make them non productive. Productivity revolves around results, not one's arrival time, or the fact that a person prefers to wear headphones while they work. 5. â€Å"To be effective in an organization, a person's values must be compatible with the organization's values†.I interpreted this to mean, I am going to be much more successful if my values are aligned with my companies. Doing so will ensure that I am committed and passionate about my work, which has a better chance of leading to success. I wouldn't feel co mfortable working for a company that practiced in lying and cheating to achieve its objectives. 6. â€Å"It is incumbent on the people who work with them (bosses) to observer them, to find out how they work, and to adapt themselves to what makes their bosses more effective†.It has always been a goal of mine to keep all of my work off my boss’s plate, and to take responsibility for everything involving the products that I work on. The entire product might not be my responsibility but the more I can take on, the more my boss can be strategic. 7. â€Å"The theory of business becomes â€Å"culture. † But culture is no substitute for discipline, and the theory of the business is a discipline†. A company with a good culture that you are comfortable with might not necessarily relate to results.Culture doesn't necessarily meet deadlines. Tasks and rules seem to have a better chance of meeting guidelines than â€Å"family business†. 8. â€Å"All events but the truly unique require a generic solution†. I think of how the Product Development Process that has recently been applied to all of the products where I work and how every single one fits in at some phase of that process. The products had a problem being completed. Now we see the end with the implementation of a generic process. 9. Temps are a good way to avoid rules and regulations for employers.A highly trained temp can do the job without the corporate commitment and the need to adhere to hiring/firing HR standards that apply to every day employees. The employees are also easily manageable since many of them are already managed by their agencies. 10. â€Å"Leadership knows something someone else doesn't†. This is the most important takeaway for me. Some people think leadership means type-a personality or being stern, but knowledge truly is power. Knowing something someone else doesn't puts you in the front, with an opportunity to teach and display, some functions o f what many people consider leaders.

Othello speech

Appearance verses reality is a philosophical question. We all know that what we perceive may not always be reality. Good Morning Yr 11 Students, I understand that you have been closely studying Othello, both Shakespeare and Davies' version. In your studies, you would have discovered many links between the two, through evident themes and values, displayed by many different characters.A theme I have discovered and would like to present to you today, is that of appearance verses reality and how it is altered due to the changing contexts of Shakespearean original Othello and Davies' screenplay Othello. This is evident through the use of the protagonist, Desman, in the way she carries and portrays herself. Within Shakespearean play, Othello, the theme of appearance verses reality, proves to us, through Desman, that what appears may not always be. This is due to Othello outlook on his wife.The character of Desman is seen to be quite the role model of a woman, in the 17th century England. W omen in that day and age were seen to obey the most dominant male in their lives, if they were married, it be their husbands, if they were not, it be their fathers. If a woman were to disobey her husband and/or be dishonest with him, it would seem out of character, as they were seen to be innocent, and naive. In that case, women sleeping with anyone other than her husband was morally wrong, and not expected.In Adhesion's case, she appeared to be innocent and naive when she is asked ‘Are you not a strumpet? And replies with ‘No, as I am a Christian'. She is also shown as not knowing what Othello had been accusing her of, and had remained true to her husband, therefore she is wronged and is what she appears to be. Whereas in Davies' screenplay version having being set three centuries later, a lot was different in the way the theme was portrayed.Women in the 20th century London, had more equal rights than woman previously did, so it was common for them to have their own fre edom. Due to this new found equality, it meant it was not a surprise if they slept around. Therefore Desman seems less innocent in this version, as it was a more common thing, to sleep around. Desman is portrayed as secretive, giving the signs she may have done wrong and is not what she appears to be. The fact that she has interest in Cassia in this version, also plants a seed of doubt in our minds about who she might be.Ago is also very persuasive in what he says to Othello about Desman sleeping around in her younger years, painting her out to be different to what we initially think. The context of this film does not suggest it is uncommon for people to sleep around, leading us and Othello to believe that Deities is dishonest. In this version, Deities being shown as secretive, is portrayed through a close up shot of Deities, revealing her mischievous facial expression, when Othello suggests the idea of Deities sleeping tit Cassia, she immediately pushes it away and attempts to dist ract him through flirting.In comparison to Shakespearean play, Deities is not seen to be as pure and innocent and thus in this screenplay version we, as an audience, are unsure of whether Deities is what she seems. From both these versions of Othello, we draw the conclusion that the theme of appearance verses reality, has been changed to manipulate the audience's perception of certain characters. I have presented this to you today, through the character Desman. We now see that what appears to be, may or may not be in reality.

Different roles within group

Identify five different roles within groups; discuss the ways in which they can contribute to the successful completion of a task. Leader/Facilitator The position of the leader is significant, as the team would not have any guide or direction and would most likely become unproductive. The leader clarifies goals, promotes decision-making and delegates well. She/he must have outstanding interpersonal skills, being able to communicate effectively with team members hrough good listening, verbal and non-verbal communication.Team worker/ Motivator The role of the team worker is to maintain harmony and unity between all members; they work towards resolving any conflicts that affect the team's dynamics. They are very motivating and supportive of other team members. They tend to never take part in decision making as they wouldn't want to be seen taking sides. Resource Investigator The Resource Investigator is a strong communicator, good at discussing with people utside the team and gathering external information and resources.They are usually very rapid thinkers and excellent at extracting information from the foundation. They also are very advanced at networking with other teams and organisations. Completer/ Finisher The Completer/Finisher is a task-orientated member of the group and as their name implies they like to complete tasks; they pay great attention to detail and are very good at organising meetings/ discussions for the team.They keep the team up on schedule and can usually have a tendency for being anxious about meeting targets and deadlines. Implementer People who play the implementer in the team are the one who usually get everything done. They are practical, focused and strong minded individuals and turn the team's proposals into plans. Due to their rigid nature, implementers would rather stick to old, tried and tested methods than to embrace change and improvement.

Sex Online

This lecture is really an intro to the course. It defines the act of sex as the â€Å"exchanging of genetic data by two organisms for procreation. † This lecture also challenges our ways of thinking about sex as more than Just an act of procreation, but also as an act with social, political, mental, and personal complications. From strictly an evolutionary perspective, the goal of our genes Is to have as many babies as possible, through the act of sex.This lecture tells us sex has never Just been about babies (although they do allow for a kind of immortality and free labor) but also has o do with culture. Lecture 2- Fertility Tech This lecture begins to transcend Into the discussion of sex and technology. Technology comes from the Greek word techno, which means â€Å"Knowledge around a way of doing something. † This lecture also discusses the early forms of sex tech, specifically fertility control through herbs, abstinence through calendar manipulation (also known as th e rhythm method introduced by SST.Augustine, 4th Century), and acupuncture. This lecture also discusses the economic effects on fertility, such as the requirement of money to support a child. Culture was fluid and open. Homosexual relationships with young boys were considered fine in Greg Lecture 3- Why do we do It? This lecture clarifies the argument, that even In ancient times sex was not always for procreation. Early times were less hung up on sex. After human environments began to become heavily agricultural, sex did undergo a change that saw sex as something that should be controlled, or even saved for marriage.Still, sex in ancient times was still used much like it Is today, for pleasure. Condoms made of animal bladders, women using preemptively forms of lipstick, and all types of masturbation and roof sex demonstrate that In regards to the act of sex Itself, not much has changed. Sex in modern and ancient times was/is performed for pleasure, for ritualistic cultural purposes, for money, power, and even in situations where it was/is forced. Lecture 4- The Classical World This lecture discusses sex In the classical world. It talks about sex In ancient viewed abroad.Sexual practices across these different places were not shared, especially the tech that was used for sex. For example, in 800-B. C China, sex manuals were popular for men AND women, yet, in Greece sex was considered a more male entered-power act, in which the penetrator had the power. In Iran, sex was more strictly controlled, versus India and China where the sexual CE, as young boys didn't yet have the â€Å"power. † Lecture 5- World religions and Sex Religions that came out of the Classical Period, sought to control sex.Into the Middle Ages, the main religions all agreed sex needed to be controlled, and saved for marriage (save the Hindus, they didn't have the same kind of restrictions). Paul really started the move towards Church control of Sex (1st Corinthians), but his views were s kewed by a belief Armageddon was coming within a few years. The Christian churches' belief in sexual control stems from Chrism's obvious display of a lack of sexuality (some argue Christ had kids. In other religions such as Buddhism, monks also abstained from sex( before priests did).When settlers came to the New World, they viewed Native American men as feminine and weak for their dress and homosexual acceptance, and the women as objects of great sexual passion for their open sexuality. Yet, before world religions became overarching, religion and sex was intermixed ( in Hellenic Greece, Syria and Babylon, India, and Nepal, temple prostitutes were used). Even cults (such as the Oneida Commune) sex was controlled with communal control over fertility and children, yet, sex was free and open. So, is religion considered a technology? The answer is basically, yes.Lecture 6- Pre-Electric Erotic Communication Tech This lecture discusses sex technology, the earliest of which was used for co mmunication purposes(cave paintings). Some of the earliest cave paintings depicted sex! Along with paintings, devices such as the Venus(clay statue emphasizing big boobs and vulva) and even ancient dildos display sex tech and communication is as old as humanity itself. This lecture really pushes the point that every technology (paintings, stone mastery) was eventually put towards some sexual use, even ask years ago. First uses of any medium, are often erotic.This is displayed by sexual magazines made of papyrus in ancient Turin, Chinese art, and Japanese Shunts. Early erotic messages in Bibles (known as â€Å"Books of ours†) also demonstrate that as early as printing and engraving processes were created, they were used to create erotica. Lecture 7- Mass Sex Tech With the creation of printing presses and engraving machines came social change. Due to the high cost of owning a book, early erotic books and porn pieces were only for the wealthy and elite. Some art pieces, (specifi cally by Marquis De Side) were â€Å"art. The use of sexual art was also used for comedy (Romans thought huge penises were hilarious). Like any technology, when it was first created it was expensive. Yet, as things like printing and photography ( the first Polaroid camera) pornography began to become cheaper and easiest to create. At first, porn was thought only appropriate for wealthy men, as it might corrupt the poorer lower classes, yet, as cameras and elm became cheaper, porn began to drive the tech market. Many argue the Polaroid camera and VS. were huge successes because of the want to make pornography in a discreet, private settings.Lecture 8- PEP Networks Mass communication in regards to sex started simply as person-to-person communication. Love letters were probably the earliest forms of sexual PEP communication, followed by personal nude photos, and phone sex. Once operators were removed from phone lines, it became possible for people to have private phone sex. With phone sex, came the centralization of phone sex though sex lines. The dead of this lecture is to establish the idea that phone-sex, and virtual sex happen in a space where both participants aren't. Out of the PEP networks, would eventually spawn the porn industry as we know today. Y. At this time, internet downloads took forever, which is why the classic â€Å"Porno Movie† took hold. These were typically well funded films that created â€Å"stars† who appeared in more than one video. Yet, the internet began to change all of this in the ass's, as download times began to be reduced, and videos and images could be shared via the web. From videotape, porn moved to DVD, then finally to digital online). Lecture 9- The Industry The sass really started pornography as an industry, not Just a private PEP network. With technology advancing in forms of film, VS., and cameras, porn also advanced as an industry.With movies like â€Å"Deep Throat† porn began to become commonplace i n the theater, and would eventually move even into hotel rooms (pay- per-view). With more premiership, Porn began to make more money, became mass produced. Currently, the porn industry is struggling due to technological advances on the web. How do sex online differ from prostitution? Is it the same? Lecture 10- The Sex-Tech Nexus This lecture is a summary of what we Just learned. It asks us to re-think the outcomes, and what counts as sex are difficult to measure and vary.Module 1 Readings: 1 . Coppersmith: Pornography and the Internet Two main arguments -In the last 2 decades consumers of porn have accelerated the diffusion of new communication technologies like the VS. & CD-Room by becoming early buyers and users, thereby providing a profitable market for newly introduced services – Waves of new communication technologies have affected porn in ways as revolutionary as any other area of society The article focuses on the idea of the â€Å"demagnification of orangeroot' by r educing entry and transaction costs.Porn has served as an agent of change for both innovation and quest for profits. Video porn provided customers with a product to Justify acquiring costly equipment (VS.) and accelerated the diffusion of new technology without shaping it. Cyberspace attracted users to browse the internet and increased their knowledge of the system. Porn products have shaped computer technology by pushing the technological and commercial envelope. 2.Hughes: The Internet and Sex Industries From the introduction video, when thinking about the arguments made by Hughes, e able to take a stance and have information that would reinforce her arguments, or counter (thinking this could be a potential essay/short answer question Just throwing it out there) 3. Wallace: Greek Kings of Smut At first the invention of the internet was great to the porn industry, but as the years have went by, it has become detrimental. Now, there are not as many people buying porn because so many websites give you access to free porn these days.These amateur sites that offer free porn are even pirating from professional sites, and it is hard for them to stop this from happening because it occurs so often. . Dibbled: A rape in cyberspace The discussion of a textual rape that took place on a early form on an online community called Lampoon. A character named Bindle (SP? ) virtually raped 2 other characters in an open living room space. Brought about questions of Just because this took place online, do it dismiss the crime committed against the avatars.The Lampoon community was brought together to discuss Just that, and what the punishment should be for the rape in cyberspace, which was a proposed â€Å"toadying† or banishing that character. Also discussed about individuals real connections with setting proportions. Ultimately, the community came together to form a type of government to deal with such issues, and the resulting punishment for Bindle was toadying. 5. Avide r: Waller: A Freudian Analysis of Setting Fantasy is not only an imitation of one's relationship with reality, but it is also a different relationship to a world that's entirely different.Setting becomes an alternate reality. 6. Ross: Typing, Doing, and Being The increasing salience of sexuality on the internet, whether cyberspace or use of the internet to make sexual contacts, has focused interest n how internet-mediated sexuality informs social theory. This article reviews social theory and sexuality in relation to the internet, with specific reference to the development of intimacy, the association of texts with sexual scripts, the emergence of accessibility as a sexual space midway between fantasy and action, and the question of boundaries and the location of the person in sexual interaction.Also, the supplanting of the real by the symbolic, the internet as a sexual marketplace, its important role in creating sexual communities, particularly where sexual behavior or density is s tigmatize, its impact as a new arena for sexual experience and experimentation, and its impact in shaping sexual culture and sexual- TTY are noted. Finally, the importance of the internet as a medium for the exploration of human sexuality and as an opportunity to illuminate previously challenging areas of sexual research is discussed.Quiz 1 Questions and Answers Question: Giddiness argues that all but one of the following have led to new reflexivity and plasticity of our sexual identities? Which of these influences was NOT included in Giddiness' ideas? Answer: The Internet. Which of these does Ross argue lead to the success of cyberspace on the internet, but the ultimate demise of phone sex, despite the similarities between the two. Text allows you to distance yourself more from your statements about preferences or desires when compared with voice.Which of the following does Ross suggest may be possible effects of sex online? Answers: Cyberspace becomes a new niche of sexual behavio r. There is an expansion of sexual possibilities and partners made available to users. People will feel freer to experiment with alternative sexual experiences in a stigma- ere environment and learn more about themselves. The borders of where we consider ourselves and our bodies may change in unpredictable ways. At least two of our readings this module suggest that the internet provides a space for consequence free exploration of identity.Mr.. Bungle also made this claim. How does Dibbled Judge his comment? He suggests that the â€Å"it's only play† excuse is available only to newbie's and sociopaths. Others come to have a closer connection to their online personae. The New York Magazine article suggests that the online adult industry is hurting. What do most in the industry attribute this to? Tube sites and amateur. Module 2- This lecture is an intro about specific parts of pornography. Specifically, rule 34-if it exists there is porn about it.The idea behind Rule 34 is abou t community, meaning if someone likes a weird porn, odds are there are others that like it too(even if those numbers are small). Within this intro, is also an intro for the topics of future lectures in regards to extreme porn, horror porn, rape porn, snuff and the large variety of different pornographers. Lecture 2- Manipulating Intimacy This lecture starts the discussion about intimacy, and its relation to sex. Sex is arguably the most intimate a human can be with another person, yet online sex manipulates this intimacy.Eric Gong in her book, A Fear of Flying, discusses the idea of the Zippers buck, a pure buck that has no power game, nothing is taken or given, there is no humiliation, and there is nothing to prove. However, the Zippers buck according to Gong is as rare as a unicorn, and begs the question, does it even exist? Sex without intimacy is the main idea of this lecture, and whether or not it's even possible. Things like swingers clubs, bathhouses (1 5th century) and anony mous sex presented early forms of sex without intimacy, or â€Å"baggage† so to speak.While detached sex is not a product of the internet, it has become a cultural part of it. In terms of anonymous sex, there is not much social consequences as identity remains hidden, whereas actual-biological sex comes with the possibility of disease and such. The internet and things like phone sex allow for users to take on an identity, partake in sexual activity, and leave, whereas an online performer is not anonymous. In summary, the complexity of online sex is tied to identity, and anonymity. Lecture 3- Texts Is text interactive? Yes.In the early days of the internet when images were not possible, text was the main way of communication sexual speak. Coatrooms known as MUD'S and Moon's, allowed for people to gather in basic chat rooms and talk. These talks could often become sexual in nature, especially with questions like SSL (age, sex, location). Texts is also seen in romance novels for example, and even in sexual fan- fiction known as Slash. Virtual engagement programs like Cork and Elise created bots that could talk, which was then turned into a sexual chatterbox.These early MUD'S and bots paved the way for online sexual communities, Lecture 4- Pictures Online From text, came the first online pictures created using text. Images of a nude picture would be created using type writer, and when connected to a computer, could be shown to others around the web. FTP (file transfer protocol) allowed users to share a file on an FTP server. Users were then able to download and share various images, some scanned from magazines and even some slash fiction. These early FTP servers created early marketplaces for porn, and early porn sharing services (think Egan taking pictures directly for web consumption.But how did people find these sites? The answer was early search engines. Search engines like Google rose to prominence for their ability to cut through massive amounts of po rn related searches on the early internet and show users only subjects they wanted to search for. Tags, (thumbnail gallery post) were sort of online magazines, that websites tried to trick Search Engines and users to clicking on, driving traffic to early web pages. Lecture 5- Video Due to the slow download speed of videos, it took a while for videos to hit the internet.Yet, with the increase of bandwidth, small-stamp size videos eventually made their way onto the net. Early programs for video feed (Consume) allowed users to see one another, in slow frame-by-frame speed. With the explosion of the internet in 95†², early WebMD sites like Jenny Cam took off, drawing viewers and eventually money from complete strangers. What started with porn images, moved to videos in the late ass's as file compression, and the web itself advanced. Lecture 6- Mobile The idea of mobile pornography was not very popular early on.Yet, the mobile phone itself also grew as a result of pornography. Cell phones started with phone sex, and then grew to locative technology (tinder, grind etc). Cell phones allowed social life and internet life to mix, and at the same time created a mobile, private sexual place for people to explore. The gradual growth of mobile technology allowed for connections to be made that were sexual in nature. The main point of this lecture is that phones mixed online sexuality, and social culture. Lecture 7- Community Module 2 Readings: 1 .Fiddle: Indentured Servitude (Gizmo Article)- This article discusses chemicals and how some can make tons of money, and how there make little to no money. It's easy to get into this industry if you own a computer and are willing to show off your body to anyone willing to pay. Websites like Embraces make it easy for the people who own them to launder money because nobody actually knows where the money goes because it's hard to track it. 2. Passion: Labors of Love, Network This article talks about the transformation of porn onl ine. There were sex wars in the feminists have said porn identifies women as being subjected to violence.Moral conservatives says it is faith and morally decaying in any social or cultural value. Network refers to pornographers specific to online platforms and networks. This article talks about two very different forms of new porn and amateurism; network and porn on the net. Network refers to a more grassroots pornography movement in â€Å"which online technologies restructure the pornographic, porn on the net refers to the recycling of the same old pornographic images and texts from print media, video, and film on the internet† – Porn on the net also can include â€Å"gone' porn.Alt porn & mature porno are submerges of network: both â€Å"shift roles of porn consumers and producers within the framework of Web 2. † An example of ALT Porn is Suicide Girls. ALT is normally â€Å"soft-core† porn; typically included with â€Å"exhibition of non-standard sub culture styles† It is considered the answer against mainstream porn; not Just in esthetics but in the business model used. 3. Rookie: Beyond Key Parties and Wife Swapping 4.Rubber: Getting Started with Sex in Second-Life – This article talks about the gaming website called Second-Life. It is a virtual world in which people can meet anonymously and have cyberspace with each other. Cyberspace can be 100% text based or you can use avatars that you create perform the sex acts.. Members can become anyone they want, selecting enhanced, or different body parts, clothes, hairstyles, and personalities that they wish they had, or simply play with an alter-ego.Members navigate the site much like a game, but this is in order to meet different members. Once you meet and chat with another member, you can engage in virtual sex with that member, and they rarely say no. Second Life sex is a combination of the visual and the verbal. Players strip their avatars down to their cyber skin, u se pose balls (those floating orbs placed in romantic areas throughout he virtual world) to animate them into various sex acts, and keep up with the whole thing in IM.There's even a third option: climbable body parts attached to the avatars. These nipples, slits, penises, etc. Can be â€Å"touched† Just by clicking on them. Since the parts monitor the avatar's â€Å"arousal,† avatars can even orgasm this way. 5. Sutherland: Journalist or Panderer? This article talks about the online threat of websites used by minors. In the article the boy Justine Berry who was 13 at the time when got his first WebMD in which he was lured by sexual predators into striping, touching himself while they watched.

Creating Good Relationships with the Public through Well Designed Dissertation

Creating Good Relationships with the Public through Well Designed Communication - Dissertation Example Good design is always an important element of any creation, but in politics the impact can be a defining element for the future. Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction Design is a part of the way that life is translated through the creation of objects and ideas that support modern life. When a design is flawed, the purpose of an object can become a hindrance to an effective result. An example of this can be seen in the butterfly ballots in Florida during the 2000 election in the United States where the Presidency was affected by the inadequacy of the design. The future of the world was impacted by the decision that was cast through a voting system that was inadequate to the purpose of its design. Discussing Design Design is the kind of word that has a great many meanings and can be applied to a great number of applications in the human experience. Designing something means creating an arrangement that will meet a specific goal. Design can mean creating a visual impact through the edito rial point of view as it is adapted for fashion or for interiors, or through the impact of design aesthetics on a message that is intended to persuade or inform. Design, in all of its forms, is an action and the consequence of the action is to communicate something from the designer to the public with the designed product being the conduit of the information. To design is to intend a communication. There are a great number of ways in which design impacts our daily life without considering that it has been designed to specifically create intent for the framework of the way we perceive the world. Culture is created through the application of designed perceptions on the way in which life is lived. This does not mean that the communication of the design has the impact that is intended, but it does mean that it will have a form of impact that can influence the direction of cultural development. Design is the activity of the creator, but the meanings that are interpreted from what has bee n designed belongs to the public. The conduit, the object that has been designed does not always have to be a tangible item. The design intent can be intangible, a method of creating communication that impacts the receiver in such a way as to enact an impression towards information that the designer wishes to convey. The design of this impact can be through a variety of related symbols of what is intended, everything from the clothing that an individual who represents that information wears to the way in which text that is related to the information is chosen to convey some form of meaning upon the words that are used. Summary The following paper is intended to explore the way in which design has impacted the political landscape, using the United States as a central example. Modern life is the result of design as objects can be seen as a part of the development of culture for the utilitarianism of the objects. When the utility of an object fails, the consequences can be understood a s long reaching and fateful in terms of how the world evolves. Design, therefore, is an act that is aggressive and

How Influenza A causes Epidemics and Pandemics Essay - 1

How Influenza A causes Epidemics and Pandemics - Essay Example The 1918-1919 influenza pandemic which was the most distressful outbreak of influenza in history and considered as one of the most critical disease pandemics ever experienced came about as a result of H1N1 which is a subtype of influenza A virus (Hays, 2005). During this time the pandemic was known to kill over 25 million people globally (Ricks, 2009; p. 34). This essay will address the antigenic drift and the antigenic shift of the virus and how it has affected people globally. Influenza which is commonly referred to as flu is a contagious disease of mammals and birds which is caused by family orthomyxoviridae and RNA viruses. In human beings the signs and symptoms of the disease range from sore throat, severe headache, coughing, fever to fatigue and weakness (Shors, 2009). In more severe scenarios the influenza leads to pneumonia which can be deadly especially in infants and the elderly (Stanberry, 2008). Whilst at times it might be taken for common cold. There are different types of viruses making it to for the pandemic to be contained easily. Flu viruses regularly vary via a method known as antigenic drift. This is the unsystematic accretion of mutations in the HA and to the least degree NA genes which are detected by the system of immune. It is observable in influenza A viruses (Kurstak, 1990). Just like the normal cases of RNA viruses, mutations in the flu viruses take place often due to the replication machinery of the viruses which lacks a proofreading system. Whenever such variations result into mutations in the sites occupied by the antigens of HA or NA that are responsible for the reduction or inhibition of the bond of neutralizing antibodies, the immune system might be avoided by the viruses (Sompayrac, 2002). This procedure gives an explanation of the incident of serial flu epidemics in the course of winter in climatic zones that have temperate conditions and incident of epidemics of varying relentlessness and age groups affect (Betts, Penn

Survey and ethical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Survey and ethical - Essay Example It addresses a problem by asking what, deals with a specific population as who, apply systematic concepts in the form of how and is carried out within a given geographical coverage which defines where (Goodwin 480-1). Survey therefore solves a problem through a collective engagement of who, what, how and where. Ethics is a set of socially defined rules that guide the behavior and conduct of people in the society. It is important to note that ethics is specific to a given group of people and governs the better part of the interpersonal relations. The link between ethics and survey comes when dealing with people to carry out a specified goal. Any survey must be done alongside a specified code of ethics and practice. Ethics require that respondents are given content, sponsorship, and purpose of the survey so that each can make informed judgment of either participating or otherwise. Confidentiality or anonymity assurance to the respondents constitutes ethical standards (Goodwin 482-4). The sponsors of the survey must also be given clear information on any possible hitches so that they are aware of any possible errors hence elimination of

Life span development of Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Life span development of - Essay Example Nearly four months into her pregnancy my wife, reported feeling movements of the baby and the ultra sound scan confirmed that we were to have a girl child. The movements of the fetus in the womb of my wife became more and more pronounced, as the pregnancy progressed into the third trimester. Frequent kicks and shoves seemed to present themselves, which were lulled by wife reacting by attempting to soothe the fetus with her touch. My wife she developed a practice of holding long conversations with fetus. The remarkable feeling was there appeared to be responses from the fetus to the voice of my wife. On July 6, 1981 Nitya Miranda emerged, as the most beautiful baby, I had ever seen. My wife and I were thankful that she was a normal baby. The first few months saw Nitya grow from a fragile baby into a tireless toddler. Her motor skills developed fast and she was quick to stand and walk and then run. That was when it became a merry hell for my wife and me to keep up with her antics. It was also the time when we discovered that she had inherited febrile fits from me and so needed extra care at times of illness in keeping the fever down. By then we had our second child, a son. I observed the protective nature of my wife, when she started to pay less attention to her younger child and became protective of the Nitya, to try as far as possible to prevent her from getting an infection. Nitya was an inquisitive child, opening any unlocked cupboards she could reach or climbing on to chairs and stools to reach things. She also recognized that her mother preferred to sleep with her, when she was ill and gradually made use of this opportunity to get out her bed and slowly creep into the bed next to her mother on a regular basis. I was the bread winner of the family, while my wife tended to the children and the domestic chores. Mine was a marketing job, which required days away from home. In spite of all the attention my wife gave

Interaction between Information Systems (ISIT) and business strategies Essay

Interaction between Information Systems (ISIT) and business strategies in an Banking organisation - Essay Example The study will use case studies where a sample size of 10 banks will be randomly selected in London and used for the purpose of study. For data collection, face to face interview will be conducted with the general manager and the IS manager of these banks. An observational check list will be used to collect information to assess the effectiveness of the model in each bank. Data will be collected over a period of one month. The data collected will be analyzed using simple analytical means of percentages, means and deviation and later subjected to regression analysis. The study will assume that the sample selected will be a representative of the whole population and that researcher will secure appointments with the managers. With the world turning to a global village, the world financial sector is under pressure to catch up with the new developments. Having been a conservative economic sector confined to their indigenous areas of operation, banks are facing pressure with increasing competition. Many banks have resulted to expansion strategies in order to serve their customers wherever they travel in this dynamic world. This has posed a challenge to many banks in terms of coordination of its services. Many other banks have resulted to mergers in order to have an international presence. Ideally, all banks have resulted to expansion strategy in one way or another. Due to large area of operation, banks have been faced with a problem of coordinating all their braches or merger partners. Banking industry has been in the front line in embracing the ever changing face of information system in order to coordinate their services well. But at the same time, many banks have found that embracing information systems may not stream line their services as intended. They have found information system has come up with its own woes. In some banks it has been found to be too expensive, cumbersome and creating a lot of inconveniences. It has lead to a lot of frauds which has led to losses to many financial institutions. This research aims at investigating how banks are implementing their information system, the reason for turning to information system, and the challenges they are facing in implementation of the strategy. The research hopes to compare information systems strategies in different banks to show models which have succeeded and which have failed in order to provide banks with resource material which they can refer if they want to implement a new IS strategy or to upgrade their existing one. Statement of the problem Many financial institutions have found it difficult to keep up with the changing demand of the banking sector in wake up of globalization. They have been faced with numerous challenges in streamlining their operations and relationship with their customers. Having resulted to new strategies using IS, many of them have found that the systems are not that efficient and they are faced with the same problem of efficiently. Purpose of the study The study aims at proving a critical comparison of different IS models that are being used in the banking sector today to provide resources information for the banking sector on the most efficient models as it will have studied. It aims at giving

Protections and issues surronding the 4th amendement Essay

Protections and issues surronding the 4th amendement - Essay Example These questions will be answered and explained in detail. The Fourth Amendment states, â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.† (Anonymous 1) Since the ratification of the Fourth Amendment we have had many court rulings directly applying to the use of the Fourth Amendment and its limits and allowances. The amendment itself states emphatically that people must be secure from unreasonable searches and seizures. It also clearly states that their security is in their homes, persons and especially their papers and effects. The use of the word effects is based on 18th century English the definition of which at the time meant specifically, movable property. A primary modern legal precedent can be found in Mapp versus Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961). This case specifically decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment cannot be used in a criminal prosecution in state or federal courts. (Mapp v. Ohio 1) An interesting aspect of this case came in the dissenting opinion from Justice Harlan who believed that the wrong questions had been asked and that proper information had not been given. The exclusionary rule had also been brought up with this decision as before this decision there had never been a widely applied enforcement of the exclusionary rule. The exclusionary rule is the legal approach that holds that evidence wrongly acquired should be dismissed and is a support for the Fourth Amendment. The exclusionary rule does not however, apply in civil cases, grand jury proceedings or a parole revocation hearing. Some believe that the exclusionary rule causes more negative than positive. Socially this may be the case in that as a result of the exclusionary rule and by default the Fourth Amendment guilty individuals may go free, there is the greater need for justice to be fair and the exclusionary rule ensures that this can happen. The exclusionary rule is the only agreed upon solution for the Supreme Court to assure the effectiveness of the Fourth Amendment. Another case that set legal precedent was Katz versus United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967). This case set the precedent for technology and privacy, specifically; one has an expected privacy when making a call from a telephone booth. The decision made it clear that a person could make a private call in a public area. The dissenting opinion from Justice Black said that the Fourth Amendment was meant to protect items from physical search and seizure. (Katz v. United States 1) There have been new approaches to this issue due to the use of the internet and cellular phones which do not necessarily call for a phone booth; however, it has been upheld as case law. Among the modern issues pre sented by adherence to the protections of the Fourth Amendment come as a result of recent terrorist activity within the United States. The Patriot Act or public law 107-56 has been the center of much controversy with its wide reaching allowances especially regarding the protections of the Fourth Amendment. The Patriot Act allows federal and state law enforcement agents to commit searches if a suspect is understood to be a threat to national security. Specifically Title II